CEQ 很多读者只读英文摘要 + 图（见 ceq-figures）。英文摘要 = 你的门面。它必须让 field 经济学家在 100 词内看懂：问什么、怎么识别、发现什么、相对谁是新的。CEQ 规范：英文摘要不超过约 100 个单词，三个中英文关键词，三个 JEL 号（详见 resources/journal-profile.md）。
| 黑名单（中式/空话） | 白名单（field 可读） |
|---|---|
| "This paper enriches the literature." | "We provide the first credibly identified estimate of …" |
| "We use a series of robust methods." | "Using a regression discontinuity at the eligibility cutoff …" |
| "The results have important policy implications." | "A 10% increase in X reduces Y by 4%, implying …" |
| "Our study fills a gap in domestic research." | "Unlike Author (Year), who rely on OLS, we exploit …" |
ceq-submission）CEQ 不少读者只读英文摘要+图，摘要是国际索引里的门面。下表把常见症状映射到 field 可读的修法。词数与关键词/JEL 数量以编辑部最新稿约为准（现行约 ≤100 词、3 关键词、3 JEL）。
| 症状 | field 审稿人反应 | 修法 |
|---|---|---|
| 中文摘要机器直译 | 读着别扭、术语不对 | 按五句法重写，用 field 标准词 |
| 通篇 significant 无数字 | "效应多大？" | 量化主结果带单位与方向 |
| 罗列方法不说识别 | "因果凭什么？" | 一句点明外生变异来源 |
| 贡献=enrich/fill gap | "相对谁新？" | 对标具体文献写差异 |
| 超 ~100 词 | 超规、信息冗余 | 删机制以外的修饰，压回限额 |
虚构稿件《社保征缴改归税务与企业用工》。初稿英文摘要是中文直译，超 130 词，满是 "significant"。按五句法重写（示意，词数仅演示）：
初稿（差）：This paper studies the significant impact of social
insurance collection reform on firms, using robust methods, and
finds significant effects with important policy implications. (≈130w，套话)
重写（五句法，≈92w）：
[问题] We ask how stricter enforcement of payroll-tax collection
affects firm employment.
[设计] Exploiting the staggered transfer of collection authority
to tax bureaus across provinces, we estimate effects with a
heterogeneity-robust DiD (Callaway–Sant'Anna).
[发现] Enforcement raises effective contribution rates and reduces
employment by about 2.1%.
[机制] The effect concentrates in labor-intensive, cash-constrained
firms, consistent with a labor-cost channel.
[贡献] Unlike prior work relying on OLS, we identify the causal
margin and the firms that bear it.
走查要点：重写后量化了 -2.1%、点明交错执法的外生来源、机制一句带过、贡献对标"prior work relying on OLS"。这正是 field 同行不读正文也能看懂的摘要。下一步过 ceq-submission 核词数与 JEL。
ceq-literature-review 一致）。【英文摘要词数】X / ≤100
【五要素】问题□ 设计□ 发现(量化)□ 机制□ 贡献□
【套话命中】X 处：[...]
【贡献对标】具体文献 □ / 仍套话（需改）
【关键词/JEL】3 关键词 □ 3 JEL □
【下一步】ceq-submission