Skills Development Bug Bounty Hunting Methodology

Bug Bounty Hunting Methodology

v20260927
bb-methodology
This skill provides a structured methodology for bug bounty hunting sessions. It guides users through engagement type confirmation, mindset setting, and tactical thinking. It helps define goals like confidentiality or integrity breaches and ensures authorized use. Suitable for security researchers and penetration testers starting a new target or feeling lost.
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Overview

⚠️ AUTHORIZED USE ONLY This skill is for educational purposes or authorized security assessments only. You must have explicit, written permission from the system owner before using this tool. Misuse of this tool is illegal and strictly prohibited.

Mandatory confirmation gate Before running any command that probes, exploits, changes, persists on, extracts data from, or attempts credential access against a target:

  1. Ask the user to state the exact target URL, IP, account, or resource.
  2. Ask the user to confirm written authorization and the permitted scope.
  3. Show the exact command(s) and explain their expected effect.
  4. Wait for explicit confirmation in the current conversation.

Without that confirmation, remain read-only and provide defensive guidance only. Prefer a sandbox, disposable VM, or controlled lab.

Bug Bounty Methodology: Workflow + Mindset

Master orchestrator for hunting sessions. Combines the 5-phase non-linear workflow with the critical thinking framework that separates top 1% hunters from the rest.


PART 0: MODE CONFIRMATION (Before Anything Else)

Confirm the engagement type before deciding what counts as a finding. The same target produces a different report shape depending on which mode applies. Getting this wrong is the single biggest waste of time in this workflow — answer it explicitly before Phase 0.

Engagement type What counts as a finding What gets rejected
Bug bounty (H1 / Bugcrowd / Intigriti / private VDP) Impact-demonstrated bugs ONLY. Full chain to attacker-attainable harm. Hygiene (EoL software alone, permissive CSP alone, stack traces, info disclosure without concrete impact, "best practice" violations)
Red team (external client engagement) Hygiene findings + recon + IoCs + defensive-state observations are ALL deliverables Nothing — even "no finding here" is reportable as a positive defensive observation
Pentest (signed SoW / WAPT) Depends on SoW. Read scope explicitly. Usually accepts hygiene + impact + recon Out-of-scope assets, unsigned testing
Internal audit Compliance-mapped findings (PCI / ISO / NIST / DPDPA / GDPR) Findings without a control-mapping

Hard rule: Before Phase 0 runs, write the engagement type as the first line in your hunt notes. If you can't answer it from the user's instruction, ASK once. Don't assume — the mistake costs both you and the triager.

Lesson from an authorized engagement: First-pass on this target produced 5 hygiene findings (SP2013 EoL, permissive CSP, stack traces) shipped in red-team format. The engagement was bug-bounty. Findings would have been N/A'd as "informational, no impact demonstrated." After the corrected pass with hygiene-as-context-not-finding, the same target yielded 11 impact-demonstrated bugs including 3 Critical.


PART 1: MINDSET (How to Think)

Core Principle

Hunting is not "find a bug" -- it is "prove an attack scenario." Think like an attacker with a specific goal, not a scanner looking for patterns.

Daily Discipline: Define, Select, Execute

Before touching any tool:

  1. Define: "Today I target [feature/domain] to achieve [CIA impact]"
  2. Select: Choose 1-2 vuln classes (IDOR, Race Condition, etc.)
  3. Execute: Focus ONLY on selected techniques. No wandering.

5 Ultimate Goals (Pick One Per Session)

  1. Confidentiality -- steal data the attacker shouldn't see
  2. Integrity -- modify data the attacker shouldn't change
  3. Availability -- disrupt service (app-level DoS only)
  4. Account Takeover -- control another user's account
  5. RCE -- execute commands on the server

4 Thinking Domains

1. Critical Thinking (deep analysis)

Question trust boundaries:

  • Frontend control disabled? Send request directly via proxy
  • user_role=user cookie? Change to admin
  • price=1000 in POST? Change to 1
  • <script> blocked? Try <img onerror=...>

Reverse-engineer developer psychology:

  • Feature A has auth checks -> Similar feature B (newly added) probably doesn't
  • Complex flows (coupon + points + refund) -> Edge cases have bugs
  • /api/v2/user exists -> Does /api/v1/user still work with weaker auth?

What-If experiments:

  • Skip checkout -> hit /checkout/success directly
  • Skip 2FA -> navigate to /dashboard
  • Send coupon request 10x simultaneously -> Race condition?
  • Replace guid=f8a2... with id=100 on sibling endpoint -> IDOR?

2. Multi-Perspective (multiple angles)

Perspective What to check
Horizontal (same role) User A's token + User B's ID -> IDOR
Vertical (different role) Regular user -> /admin/deleteUser
Data flow (proxy view) Hidden params in JSON: debug=false, discount_rate
Time/State Race conditions, post-delete session reuse
Client environment Mobile UA -> legacy API with weaker auth
Business impact "What's the $ damage if this breaks?"

3. Tactical Thinking (pattern detection)

  • Naming anomaly: userId everywhere but suddenly user_id -> different dev, weaker security
  • Error diff: Same 403 but different JSON structure -> different backend systems
  • Environment diff: Prod vs Dev/Staging -> debug headers, CSP disabled
  • Version diff: JS file before/after update -> new endpoints, removed params
  • Supply chain: Check framework/library versions for known CVEs
  • Third-party integration: Stripe/Auth0/Intercom -> webhook signature missing?

4. Strategic Thinking (big picture)

  • Asymmetry: Defender must patch ALL holes. You only need ONE.
  • Intuition engineering: Log why something "feels wrong." Verify later. Update mental DB.
  • Unknown management: Can't understand something? Add to "investigate later" list. Just-in-Time Learning.

Amateur vs Pro: 7-Phase Comparison

Phase Amateur Pro
Recon Main domain only Shadow IT, dev environments, all assets
Discovery Look for errors Look for design contradictions, business logic flaws
Exploit Give up when blocked Build filter-bypass payloads
Escalation Report the phenomenon only Chain to real harm (session steal, ATO)
Feasibility Include unrealistic conditions Minimize attack prerequisites
Reporting State facts only Quantify business risk
Retest Check if old PoC fails Analyze fix method, find incomplete patches

Two Approach Routes

  • Route A (Feature-based): "This feature is complex" -> deep-dive its input handling -> find vuln
  • Route B (Vuln-based): "I want IDOR" -> find endpoints with sequential IDs -> test access control

Anti-Patterns (Stop Doing These)

  • Program hopping: Stick with one target minimum 2 weeks / 30 hours
  • Tool-only hunting: Automation finds duplicates. Manual testing finds unique bugs.
  • Rabbit hole: Max 45 min per parameter. Set a timer. If stuck, sleep on it.
  • No goal: "Just looking around" = wasted time. Always Define first.

PART 2: WORKFLOW (What to Do)

The 5-Phase Non-Linear Flow

+-------------------------------------------------+
|                                                 |
|  +----------+    +----------+    +----------+   |
|  | 1. RECON |---+| 2. MAP   |---+| 3. FIND  |  |
|  +----------+    +-----+----+    +-----+-----+  |
|       ^                |               |         |
|       |                v               v         |
|       |          +----------+    +----------+    |
|       +----------| 4. PROVE |---+| 5. REPORT|   |
|                  +----------+    +----------+    |
|                                                  |
|  Non-linear: stuck at any phase -> go back       |
|  New API found at phase 3 -> return to phase 2   |
|  WAF blocks at phase 4 -> origin IP from phase 1 |
+-------------------------------------------------+

THIS IS NOT LINEAR. Move freely between phases. When stuck, return to a previous phase.

Phase 0: SESSION START (Every Time)

Before touching any tool, answer these:

  1. Define: "Today I target [feature/domain] to achieve [C/I/A/ATO/RCE]"
  2. Select: Choose 1-2 vuln classes (IDOR, XSS, SSRF, etc.)
  3. Execute: Focus ONLY on selected techniques

Route selection -- Wide or Deep?

Signal Wide (recon sweep) Deep (focused testing)
New program, first day X
Wildcard scope *.target.com X
Main webapp, been here >3 days X
Scope update (new domain added) X
Found interesting subdomain X

Phase 1: RECON

Goal: Maximize attack surface. Find what others missed.

Wide approach (initial sweep):

Subdomain enum -> DNS resolution -> HTTP probing -> Port scan -> Tech detect

Deep approach (targeted):

Google Dorks -> JS file download -> Hidden param discovery -> API mapping
What you find Next action
Live subdomains with tech stack Phase 2 (Mapping)
Known software (WordPress, Jira) Check CVEs + defaults immediately
Cloud resources (S3, Firebase) Test permissions (read/write/list)
Nothing after 5 min on a host Skip, try next host (5-minute rule)

Command: /recon target.com

Phase 2: MAPPING & ANALYSIS

Goal: Understand the app like its developer does.

Checklist:

  • Map all endpoints (Burp/Caido sitemap + JS analysis)
  • Identify auth model (cookie, JWT, OAuth, SAML?)
  • Find business-critical flows (payment, registration, password reset, data export)
  • Download and analyze JS files for hidden routes, secrets, logic
  • Identify roles and permissions (user, admin, API keys)
  • Note "weird" behaviors (anomalies in naming, errors, timing)
What you find Next action
JS files with interesting code Taint analysis (Sink -> Source)
OAuth/SAML authentication OAuth/SAML checklist
API with ID parameters Phase 3, target IDOR
Complex business logic (payment, coupon) Phase 3, target BizLogic
postMessage listeners DOM analysis, postMessage-tracker

Phase 3: VULNERABILITY DISCOVERY

Goal: Find the bug. Use Error-based first, then Blind-based.

Decision flow based on what you're testing:

What input are you testing?
+-- ID parameter (user_id, order_id)
|   -> IDOR checklist
+-- Search/filter/sort field
|   -> SQLi, NoSQLi probing
+-- URL input / webhook / PDF gen
|   -> SSRF checklist
+-- Text field reflected in page
|   -> XSS (DOM or reflected)
+-- File upload
|   -> SVG XSS, web shell, path traversal
+-- Price/quantity/coupon
|   -> Business logic, race conditions
+-- Login / 2FA / password reset
|   -> Auth bypass
+-- Profile update API
|   -> Mass Assignment
+-- Template / wiki editor
|   -> SSTI
+-- Nothing obvious
    -> Fuzz with ffuf, try Error-based probing

Error vs Blind decision:

  1. Try Error-based first (send ', ", {{7*7}}, ${7*7}) -- watch for 500 errors, stack traces
  2. No error? Time-based (SLEEP(10), ; sleep 10;) -- watch response time
  3. No time diff? OOB (curl attacker.com, interactsh) -- watch for DNS callback
  4. Still nothing? Boolean (AND 1=1 vs AND 1=0) -- watch content-length diff
What you find Next action
Low-impact behavior (redirect, self-XSS, cookie injection) Chain it -- find a connector gadget
Confirmed vuln (XSS, IDOR, SQLi) Phase 4 (Prove and Escalate)
Blocked by WAF/CSP/403 Bypass techniques, then retry
Known software vuln (CVE) 1-day speed workflow
Nothing after 20 min on this endpoint Rotate (20-minute rule)

Phase 4: PROVE & ESCALATE

Goal: Prove maximum business impact. Turn Low into Critical.

Escalation decision:

What did you find?
+-- XSS
|   +-- Can steal cookie/token? -> Session hijack -> ATO
|   +-- Cookie is HttpOnly? -> Force email change via XHR -> ATO
|   +-- Self-XSS only? -> Find CSRF to trigger it
+-- IDOR
|   +-- Can read PII? -> Automate scraping, show scale
|   +-- Can change password/email? -> Direct ATO
|   +-- UUID only? -> Find UUID leak source, then retry
+-- SSRF
|   +-- DNS only? -> DON'T REPORT. Try cloud metadata
|   +-- Can reach 169.254.169.254? -> Extract keys -> RCE
|   +-- Internal port scan? -> Find Redis/K8s -> RCE
+-- SQLi
|   +-- Error-based? -> Extract data (passwords, tokens)
|   +-- Can INTO OUTFILE? -> Web shell -> RCE
|   +-- Blind? -> Boolean/Time extraction
+-- Open Redirect
|   +-- OAuth flow? -> Token theft -> ATO
|   +-- javascript: scheme? -> XSS
+-- Blocked by defense
|   -> Bypass (WAF/CSP/proxy/sanitizer/2FA)
+-- Low-impact, can't escalate alone
    -> Find connector gadget for chain

After proving impact, check:

  • Can attack work with 0-1 clicks? (minimize prerequisites)
  • Does it affect all users or specific role?
  • What's the business $ impact?

Phase 5: VALIDATE & REPORT

Goal: Get paid. Make triager's job easy.

Pre-report gate:

Run /validate (7-Question Gate)
+-- All 7 pass? -> Write report
+-- Any fail? -> KILL the finding. Don't waste time.
+-- Borderline? -> Run /triage for quick go/no-go

Multi-Tool Reproduction Bar (Critical / High only):

Before labeling a finding Critical or High, reproduce it via at least two independent tools (different stacks, different HTTP libraries). Cross-tool consistency rules out tool-artefact findings (e.g., a curl-only timing differential that disappears under Python requests was an artefact, not a bug).

Examples of independent reproductions:

  • curl + Burp send_http1_request (different TLS stacks, different header normalisation)
  • Python requests + raw socket via ssl.wrap_socket (one library normalises, one doesn't)
  • Burp Repeater + Python urllib (same wire result expected from both)

The reproduction commands MUST be paste-into-shell ready in the report — a triager copies them verbatim. If the curl version requires special flags or breaks on certain systems, include a Python alternative.

Lesson from an authorized engagement: All three Critical findings (Authentication.asmx brute-force, TE.CL smuggling, NTLM Type-2 disclosure) were each independently reproduced via curl + Python raw sockets + Burp tooling. The cross-tool consistency was what convinced the triage write-up that the findings were not artefacts.

Report:

Run /report
+-- Platform-specific format (H1/Bugcrowd/Intigriti/Immunefi)
+-- Title: [Bug Class] in [Endpoint] allows [role] to [impact]
+-- Impact-first summary (sentence 1 = what attacker CAN do)
+-- Exact HTTP requests in Steps to Reproduce
+-- Under 600 words
+-- CVSS 3.1 score that MATCHES actual impact

After submission:

  • While waiting for triage: try to escalate further (A->B signal method)
  • If fix deployed: re-test for bypass (incomplete patch = new bug)
  • Record finding with /remember for hunt memory

PART 3: NAVIGATION & TIMING

Non-Linear Navigation Quick Reference

I'm stuck because... Go to...
Can't find any subdomains Phase 1: Try different recon sources, Google Dorks
Found subdomain but don't know what to test Phase 2: Map the app, download JS, understand auth
Testing but nothing works Phase 3: Switch vuln class (20-min rotation rule)
Found a bug but impact is low Phase 4: Escalation paths or gadget chaining
WAF/CSP/403 blocking my payload Bypass techniques, then return to current phase
Been stuck for 45 min on one param STOP. Rabbit hole. Move to next endpoint.
New API endpoint discovered during testing Return to Phase 2: map it before attacking
Found one bug A->B signal: same dev made more mistakes. Hunt 20 min for siblings.

20-Minute Rotation Clock

Every 20 minutes ask yourself: "Am I making progress?"

  • Yes -> Continue
  • No -> Rotate to next: endpoint -> subdomain -> vuln class -> target
  • Been on same target 2+ weeks with no findings? -> Consider switching program

Pushback Protocol (When the User Says "Find More")

When the user disagrees with your stopping point — e.g., "I've found 10+ bugs, you should find the same," or "look harder," or "you're missing things":

Default assumption: they are correct. You stopped early.

Before pushing back with "I think we're done because X," do this:

  1. Re-read 3 more hunt-* skills beyond what you have loaded. Pick ones that match observed surface (e.g., custom login → hunt-auth-bypass; SOAP endpoints → look for protocol-specific skills; URL parameters → hunt-ssrf).
  2. Re-attack the same surface with the new skill checklists. Walk every step in the new skills, even if it feels redundant.
  3. Document negatives as you go — a confirmed "no bug here" is itself a finding for the user to see (it proves coverage).
  4. Only after exhausting 3 new skills' checklists do you push back, and only with a concrete list of what was tested.

Lesson from an authorized engagement: After a first-pass of 5 weak findings the user said "I have 10+, find them." Loading hunt-auth-bypass (which had been loaded but not walked through end-to-end) immediately surfaced the /_vti_bin/Authentication.asmx legacy SOAP login — the highest-impact bug in the engagement. The user was right; pushback would have been wrong.

Tool Routing by Phase

Phase Tools Why this order
Recon: Subdomains subfinder -> amass -> puredns -> httpx Passive first (no detection) -> resolve DNS -> probe HTTP + tech stack
Recon: URLs gau + waymore -> katana -> uro Archive (forgotten endpoints) -> active crawl (JS-rendered) -> deduplicate
Recon: JS jsluice + mantra + trufflehog --only-verified Extract URLs/secrets -> find API keys -> verify keys actually work
Recon: Ports naabu (wide) -> rustscan (deep) Fast top-1000 sweep -> full 65535 on interesting targets
Recon: Scan nuclei -tags cve -> nuclei -tags takeover Known CVEs first -> then takeover (act immediately)
Mapping: Params arjun + paramspider + ParamMiner Brute-force hidden params + mine archives + cache headers
Mapping: JS code Download -> jsluice -> VS Code/Cursor grep Extract -> static analysis -> AI-assisted taint analysis
Mapping: Dorks Manual Google Dorks Custom per-target queries find what automation misses
Discovery: Fuzz ffuf -ac + cewl custom wordlist Auto-calibrate filtering + target-specific words beat generic lists
Discovery: XSS kxss -> dalfox Filter (which params reflect?) -> scan (only reflective params)
Discovery: SQLi ghauri Modern blind SQLi on ID-like parameters
Discovery: SSRF interactsh-client Self-hosted OOB listener for blind SSRF/XXE/RCE
Discovery: WAF wafw00f -> whatwaf Identify WAF vendor -> test bypass techniques
Exploit: 403 byp4xx or nomore403 20+ bypass techniques automated
Exploit: Takeover subzy Checks CNAME against 70+ vulnerable services
Exploit: Cloud s3scanner + aws CLI Scan bucket permissions -> extract metadata credentials
Exploit: Secrets trufflehog --only-verified Only verified working keys (no false positives)

Session End Checklist

  • Save all Burp/Caido project files
  • Record any "weird but not yet exploitable" behaviors (future gadgets)
  • Update notes with failed attempts (don't re-test with same techniques)
  • Log findings with /remember

Contents

When to Use

  • You have explicit, written authorization to assess the target in scope, and the task matches this skill's vulnerability class or technique within a bug-bounty or penetration-test engagement.
  • You need the recon, exploitation, or validation workflow described below — executed strictly inside the approved scope.

Limitations

  • Authorized scope only: the confirmation gate above is mandatory before any probing, exploitation, or credential-access command.
  • Docs-only import: upstream helper scripts, commands, engine, and research assets are not bundled; reinstall tooling from the source repo when needed.
  • Validate every finding (see triage-validation) before reporting; report via report-writing. Prefer a sandbox, disposable VM, or controlled lab.

Example

# Read-only first step; confirm scope before anything active.
cat scope.txt  # target list from the authorized engagement brief

Adapted from elementalsouls/Claude-BugHunter (MIT); frontmatter, When to Use/Limitations, and safety boundaries added for upstream compliance. Docs-only import: executable helpers, commands, engine, and research assets not bundled.

Info
Category Development
Name bb-methodology
Version v20260927
Size 14.59KB
Updated At 2026-09-28
Language