技能 编程开发 财务模型搭建器

财务模型搭建器

v20260406
officecli-financial-model
在 Excel 中根据假设表自动生成互联的财务模型(损益表、资产负债表、现金流、DCF、股权表、情景分析),确保每个数字由公式驱动,便于快速得到可靠的财务预测。
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概览

Financial Model Skill

Build formula-driven, multi-sheet financial models from scratch in Excel. Every number on every statement sheet is a formula referencing the Assumptions sheet. Output is a single .xlsx file with interconnected sheets -- Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement, and optional valuation or scenario analysis sheets.


BEFORE YOU START (CRITICAL)

Every time before using officecli, run this check:

if ! command -v officecli &> /dev/null; then
    echo "Installing officecli..."
    curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iOfficeAI/OfficeCli/main/install.sh | bash
    # Windows: irm https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iOfficeAI/OfficeCli/main/install.ps1 | iex
else
    CURRENT=$(officecli --version 2>&1 | grep -oE '[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+' | head -1)
    LATEST=$(curl -fsSL https://api.github.com/repos/iOfficeAI/OfficeCLI/releases/latest | grep '"tag_name"' | sed -E 's/.*"v?([0-9.]+)".*/\1/')
    if [ "$CURRENT" != "$LATEST" ]; then
        echo "Upgrading officecli $CURRENT -> $LATEST..."
        curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iOfficeAI/OfficeCli/main/install.sh | bash
    else
        echo "officecli $CURRENT is up to date"
    fi
fi
officecli --version

Use When

  • User provides assumptions and asks for financial projections or a financial model
  • User asks for an "income statement", "balance sheet", or "cash flow statement"
  • User asks for DCF valuation, WACC calculation, or discounted cash flow analysis
  • User asks for a cap table, waterfall analysis, or fundraising model
  • User asks for scenario analysis, sensitivity table, debt schedule, or break-even model

Do NOT Use When

User Request Correct Skill
CSV data to dashboard / charts officecli-data-dashboard
Edit/modify an existing .xlsx officecli-xlsx (editing.md)
KPI dashboard or metrics summary officecli-data-dashboard
1-2 sheet visualization from existing data officecli-data-dashboard
Word document or PowerPoint officecli-docx / officecli-pitch-deck

What This Skill Produces

A single .xlsx file with 4-10 interconnected sheets:

Sheet Type Purpose Key Characteristic
Assumptions All hardcoded inputs in one place Blue font (0000FF) on every input cell
Income Statement Revenue through Net Income All rows are formulas referencing Assumptions
Balance Sheet Assets, Liabilities, Equity Must balance every period; includes check row
Cash Flow Statement Operating, Investing, Financing Ending Cash must equal BS Cash
DCF / Valuation WACC, FCF, Terminal Value, Equity Value Named ranges for key inputs
Sensitivity Table 2-variable grid of implied values Each cell is a self-contained formula
Scenarios Dropdown-driven Base/Bull/Bear IF/INDEX formulas reference dropdown
Error Checks Balance, cash reconciliation, ISERROR scan "ALL CLEAR" or "ERRORS FOUND" summary
Dashboard / Charts Visual summary of model outputs Charts use cell range references

ALL values on statement sheets are formulas. The only hardcoded numbers are on the Assumptions sheet.


Core Concepts

  • Assumptions-First Architecture -- ALL hardcoded inputs go on the Assumptions sheet. Every other sheet references Assumptions. Changing one assumption recalculates the entire model.
  • Financial Color Coding -- font.color=0000FF (blue) for inputs, font.color=000000 (black) for formulas, font.color=008000 (green) for cross-sheet references. Non-negotiable convention.
  • Formula Chain Integrity -- Every derived value traces back to the Assumptions sheet through an unbroken chain of formula references.
  • Error Checking -- Balance checks (Assets = Liabilities + Equity), cash reconciliation (CF ending cash = BS cash), and ISERROR scans on every sheet.
  • Batch-First Workflow -- Use heredoc batch for ALL multi-cell operations, especially cross-sheet formulas. Verify after each batch.

Workflow Overview

Phase 1: Understand -- Identify model type (3-statement, DCF, cap table, scenario). Determine which sheets are needed and the formula dependency chain.

Phase 2: Plan -- Map sheet structure, column layout (labels + year columns), and cross-sheet formula dependencies. Define the build order.

Phase 3: Build -- Follow the mandatory 10-step build sequence in creating.md Section A.7. Build in layers: structure, assumptions, formulas (IS then BS then CF), formatting, charts, protection, raw-set, validate.

Phase 4: QA -- Run the QA checklist: validate, formula error scan, cross-sheet verification, balance check, cash reconciliation, chart data check.

Phase 5: Deliver -- Deliver the .xlsx file. Note that formulas recalculate on open (fullCalcOnLoad is set).


Quick Reference: Key Warnings

Warning Detail
Sheet names with spaces in CLI paths (REQUIRED) When using officecli get or officecli set with a sheet name that contains spaces (e.g., "Cash Flow", "ARR Waterfall"), the sheet name portion of the path MUST be wrapped in single quotes: officecli get model.xlsx "'/Cash Flow/A1'". Without single quotes, the command fails with Err:509. In JSON batch paths, no extra quoting is needed (the JSON string already handles it).
Cross-sheet ! escaping Use heredoc batch for ALL cross-sheet formulas. Verify with officecli get after each batch.
Batch size limit 15-20 ops per batch in resident mode (recommended). 8-12 ops without resident mode.
Batch JSON values ALL values must be strings: "true" not true, "24" not 24
fullCalcOnLoad + iterate MANDATORY. Use officecli set model.xlsx / --prop calc.fullCalcOnLoad=true --prop calc.iterate=true. Do NOT use raw-set (creates duplicates).
Blue inputs / black formulas font.color=0000FF on Assumptions inputs, font.color=000000 on all formula cells
Header row background color (REQUIRED) All section header rows MUST have fill set. Use "fill":"1F3864","font.color":"FFFFFF" (dark navy + white text). Header rows without fill fail the Quality Bar check (Q2).
Header row fill MUST cover ALL columns (A:D or A:G) Section header rows (REVENUE, ASSETS, etc.) must apply the dark fill to ALL columns in that row, not just the A-column label cell. If only A is filled, B/C/D columns on that row show black text on a white background — extremely poor readability against the dark header. Correct: {"command":"set","path":"/P&L/A5:D5","props":{"shd":"1F3864","color":"FFFFFF","bold":true}}. Wrong: set only /P&L/A5.
Balance sheet must balance Explicit check formula: =TotalAssets - TotalLiabilities - TotalEquity must equal 0
Cash reconciliation CF ending cash must equal BS cash for every period
No Excel Data Tables Sensitivity tables must be manual formula grids. Each cell is an explicit self-contained formula.
Number format $ quoting Use heredoc batch or single quotes to prevent shell expansion of $
Named ranges required Define for all key assumptions (WACC, growth rates, tax rate). Required for auditability.
Column widths No auto-fit. Set explicitly: labels=22-28, numbers=14-18, year headers=12-14
formulacf no font.bold Use fill + font.color only. font.bold causes validation errors.
raw-set ordering activeTab raw-set MUST be the last command. calcPr uses high-level set / --prop calc.* instead of raw-set.
BS Cash = CF Ending Cash BS Cash ALWAYS equals =Cash Flow!B19, including Year 1. Never use cash-as-plug or reference Assumptions directly.
Chart title $ in shell Use heredoc batch for chart titles containing $ to prevent shell expansion.
Freeze panes (REQUIRED on every data sheet) Every sheet with column headers must have freeze panes set (freeze=B2 or freeze=B3). Missing freeze panes is a Hard Rule violation. Apply in Step 8e of build sequence.
Formula cells black font (REQUIRED) All formula cells on statement sheets must have font.color=000000. Omitting this makes the Blue=Input / Black=Formula color convention invisible. Apply in Step 8f of build sequence. Step 8f applies to EVERY formula cell on EVERY statement sheet — Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow, Assumptions (roll-forward/output rows), and all auxiliary sheets. Apply by row range for each sheet; do NOT apply to only one sheet or one section.
H8: Summary or Dashboard sheet (REQUIRED) Every financial model output MUST include a Summary or Dashboard sheet containing at least 4 KPI values sourced from the statement sheets (e.g., Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income, Ending Cash, or equivalent). A model delivered without a Summary/Dashboard sheet fails this Hard Rule. Specialized single-purpose models (ARR Waterfall, DCF-only) satisfy this with a dedicated Summary tab. Tab color: 70AD47 (green).

Pre-Delivery Checklist

Before delivering the .xlsx file, verify all items:

# Check How to Verify
1 Freeze panes on every data sheet officecli get model.xlsx "/Sheet" — confirm freeze property is set
2 Formula cells have black font (000000) No CLI command can reliably detect font color. officecli view text does NOT output font color information — any grep-based check against color values is a false negative and always returns 0 lines regardless of actual color. Must verify visually: run officecli view model.xlsx html > preview.html and open in browser, or take a screenshot, and confirm formula cells appear in black. Apply Step 8f to ALL sheets before verifying.
3 Input cells have blue font (0000FF) Assumptions sheet cells B:D must be blue
4 Header rows fill covers ALL columns (A:D or wider) Screenshot check — no white-background cells in header rows
5 Balance Check = TRUE every period officecli get model.xlsx "/Balance Sheet/B18" --json
6 Cash Reconciliation = TRUE every period officecli get model.xlsx "/Cash Flow/B21" --json
7 No \! in cross-sheet formulas officecli get model.xlsx "/Income Statement/B3" — no backslash
8 fullCalcOnLoad + iterate set officecli validate model.xlsx passes
9 Year 2+ Beginning ARR = Prior Year Ending ARR No independent "Opening ARR" input in Assumptions for Year 2+
10 Opening Equity = Opening Assets - Opening Liabilities Balance Check Year 1 = TRUE (not hardcoded equity value)

Known Issues

Issue Workaround
! escaping in cross-sheet formulas Always use heredoc batch. Verify with officecli get.
Batch failure at scale Use resident mode + 15-20 ops per batch. If failure persists, reduce to 8-12. Retry individually as last resort.
Cannot rename sheets Plan sheet names upfront before creation.
Sensitivity tables are manual Each cell needs an explicit formula. No Excel DATA TABLE support.
Chart series fixed at creation Cannot add series later. Plan all series before add.
Formula cached values blank view text shows blank for formula cells. This is normal. Set fullCalcOnLoad.
Waterfall chart totals Cannot mark bars as totals programmatically. Use color convention.
Circular references Use <calcPr iterate="1" ...>. Design model to avoid unnecessary circularity.
Chart title $ stripping Shell expands $ in --prop title. Use heredoc batch for chart titles with $, or omit $ from titles.
AP formula sign error AP (Accounts Payable) must be a positive number. If COGS is stored as a negative value, AP formula must negate it: =-COGS*DPO/365. Wrong sign causes NWC overstatement and incorrect Cash Flow direction. See creating.md C.6 WARNING.
#NAME? not detectable by query/validate officecli query and validate cannot detect runtime #NAME? errors from unquoted sheet names (e.g., P&L!B3). Run screenshot check (creating.md E.8 Step 10) when any sheet name contains &, spaces, or parentheses.

Adjustments After Creation

When the user requests changes after the model is built:

Request Command
Swap two sheets officecli swap model.xlsx '/Sheet1' '/Sheet2'
Move a sheet after another officecli move model.xlsx '/Scenarios' --after '/Assumptions'
Edit a cell value officecli set model.xlsx '/SheetName/A1' --prop value="..."
Find & replace text officecli set model.xlsx / --prop find=OldText --prop replace=NewText
Remove a row officecli remove model.xlsx '/SheetName/row[N]'

Full Guide

Read creating.md and follow it step by step. It contains setup conventions, core financial statement patterns, advanced patterns (DCF, sensitivity, scenarios), chart recipes, QA checklist, and known issues with workarounds.

References

信息
Category 编程开发
Name officecli-financial-model
版本 v20260406
大小 24.04KB
更新时间 2026-04-08
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