技能 数据科学 网页爬取与内容抓取工作流

网页爬取与内容抓取工作流

v20260423
firecrawl-core-workflow-a
本工作流提供核心机制,用于将复杂的实时网站内容转换为干净、结构化的、适用于大型语言模型(LLM)的Markdown格式。它支持单页抓取、深度站点爬取以及大规模异步内容爬取,是构建健壮内容摄取管道的理想方案,能够可靠地从网页中提取结构化信息。
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概览

Firecrawl Core Workflow A — Scrape & Crawl

Overview

Primary workflow for Firecrawl: convert websites into clean LLM-ready markdown. Covers single-page scraping with scrapeUrl, multi-page crawling with crawlUrl, async crawl jobs with polling, and content processing pipelines.

Prerequisites

  • @mendable/firecrawl-js installed
  • FIRECRAWL_API_KEY environment variable set
  • Target URL(s) identified

Instructions

Step 1: Single-Page Scrape

import FirecrawlApp from "@mendable/firecrawl-js";

const firecrawl = new FirecrawlApp({
  apiKey: process.env.FIRECRAWL_API_KEY!,
});

// Scrape a single page to clean markdown
const result = await firecrawl.scrapeUrl("https://docs.example.com/api", {
  formats: ["markdown"],
  onlyMainContent: true,  // strips nav, footer, sidebars
  waitFor: 2000,           // wait 2s for JS to render
});

if (result.success) {
  console.log("Title:", result.metadata?.title);
  console.log("Source:", result.metadata?.sourceURL);
  console.log("Markdown:", result.markdown?.substring(0, 200));
}

Step 2: Multi-Page Synchronous Crawl

// Crawl a site — Firecrawl follows links, renders JS, returns all pages
const crawlResult = await firecrawl.crawlUrl("https://docs.example.com", {
  limit: 50,                   // max pages to crawl
  maxDepth: 3,                 // link depth from start URL
  includePaths: ["/docs/*", "/api/*"],   // only these paths
  excludePaths: ["/blog/*", "/changelog/*"],
  allowBackwardLinks: false,   // only crawl child paths
  scrapeOptions: {
    formats: ["markdown"],
    onlyMainContent: true,
  },
});

console.log(`Crawled ${crawlResult.data?.length} pages`);
for (const page of crawlResult.data || []) {
  console.log(`  ${page.metadata?.sourceURL}: ${page.markdown?.length} chars`);
}

Step 3: Async Crawl for Large Sites

// Start an async crawl job — returns immediately with job ID
const job = await firecrawl.asyncCrawlUrl("https://docs.example.com", {
  limit: 500,
  scrapeOptions: { formats: ["markdown"] },
});

console.log(`Crawl started: ${job.id}`);

// Poll for completion with backoff
let pollInterval = 2000;
let status = await firecrawl.checkCrawlStatus(job.id);

while (status.status === "scraping") {
  console.log(`Progress: ${status.completed}/${status.total} pages`);
  await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, pollInterval));
  pollInterval = Math.min(pollInterval * 1.5, 30000);
  status = await firecrawl.checkCrawlStatus(job.id);
}

if (status.status === "completed") {
  console.log(`Done: ${status.data?.length} pages scraped`);
} else {
  console.error("Crawl failed:", status.error);
}

Step 4: Process and Store Results

import { writeFileSync, mkdirSync } from "fs";

function processResults(pages: any[], outputDir: string) {
  mkdirSync(outputDir, { recursive: true });

  const manifest = pages.map((page, i) => {
    const url = page.metadata?.sourceURL || `page-${i}`;
    const slug = new URL(url).pathname
      .replace(/\//g, "_")
      .replace(/^_|_$/g, "") || "index";
    const filename = `${slug}.md`;

    // Clean markdown: collapse whitespace, remove JS links
    const content = (page.markdown || "")
      .replace(/\n{3,}/g, "\n\n")
      .replace(/\[.*?\]\(javascript:.*?\)/g, "")
      .trim();

    writeFileSync(`${outputDir}/${filename}`, content);

    return { url, filename, chars: content.length };
  });

  writeFileSync(`${outputDir}/manifest.json`, JSON.stringify(manifest, null, 2));
  return manifest;
}

Output

  • Clean markdown files per crawled page
  • manifest.json with URL-to-file mapping
  • Crawl summary with page count and failures

Error Handling

ErrorCauseSolution
Empty markdownJS content not renderedIncrease waitFor to 5000ms
429 Too Many RequestsRate limit hitBack off, reduce concurrency
Crawl returns few pagesURL filters too strictWiden includePaths patterns
402 Payment RequiredCredits exhaustedCheck balance, reduce limit
Partial crawl resultsSite blocks bot on some pagesUse scrapeUrl for failed URLs individually

Examples

Scrape with Multiple Formats

const result = await firecrawl.scrapeUrl("https://example.com", {
  formats: ["markdown", "html", "links"],
  onlyMainContent: true,
});

console.log("Markdown:", result.markdown?.length);
console.log("HTML:", result.html?.length);
console.log("Links:", result.links?.length);

Crawl with Webhook (No Polling)

const job = await firecrawl.asyncCrawlUrl("https://docs.example.com", {
  limit: 100,
  scrapeOptions: { formats: ["markdown"] },
  webhook: {
    url: "https://api.yourapp.com/webhooks/firecrawl",
    events: ["completed", "page"],
  },
});
console.log(`Crawl ${job.id} started — webhook will fire on completion`);

Resources

Next Steps

For structured data extraction, see firecrawl-core-workflow-b.

信息
分类 数据科学
名称 firecrawl-core-workflow-a
版本 v20260423
大小 5.69KB
更新时间 2026-04-26
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