技能 数据科学 Firecrawl网络爬取事件处理指南

Firecrawl网络爬取事件处理指南

v20260423
firecrawl-webhooks-events
本指南详细介绍了如何使用Firecrawl Webhook处理异步爬取和批量抓取任务的事件。用户无需通过轮询API来获取状态,而是通过配置Webhook端点,实时接收关键事件(如页面抓取、任务完成等)的推送通知。内容涵盖了事件类型、签名验证机制和实时数据流的处理方法,适用于构建高性能的数据爬取管道。
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概览

Firecrawl Webhooks & Events

Overview

Handle Firecrawl webhooks for real-time notifications on async crawl and batch scrape jobs. Instead of polling checkCrawlStatus, configure a webhook URL and Firecrawl will POST events as pages are scraped and jobs complete. Signed with HMAC-SHA256 via X-Firecrawl-Signature.

Webhook Event Types

Event Trigger Payload
crawl.started Crawl job begins Job ID, config
crawl.page Individual page scraped Page markdown, metadata
crawl.completed Full crawl finishes All pages array
crawl.failed Crawl job errors Error message
batch_scrape.completed Batch scrape finishes All scraped pages

Instructions

Step 1: Start Crawl with Webhook

import FirecrawlApp from "@mendable/firecrawl-js";

const firecrawl = new FirecrawlApp({
  apiKey: process.env.FIRECRAWL_API_KEY!,
});

// Webhook as string (simple)
const job = await firecrawl.asyncCrawlUrl("https://docs.example.com", {
  limit: 100,
  scrapeOptions: { formats: ["markdown"] },
  webhook: "https://api.yourapp.com/webhooks/firecrawl",
});

console.log(`Crawl started: ${job.id}`);

// Webhook as object (with metadata and event filtering)
const job2 = await firecrawl.asyncCrawlUrl("https://docs.example.com", {
  limit: 100,
  scrapeOptions: { formats: ["markdown"] },
  webhook: {
    url: "https://api.yourapp.com/webhooks/firecrawl",
    events: ["completed", "page"],  // only these events
    metadata: {
      projectId: "my-project",
      triggeredBy: "cron",
    },
  },
});

Step 2: Webhook Handler with Signature Verification

import express from "express";
import crypto from "crypto";

const app = express();
app.use(express.json());

function verifySignature(body: string, signature: string): boolean {
  if (!process.env.FIRECRAWL_WEBHOOK_SECRET) return true; // skip if not configured
  const expected = crypto
    .createHmac("sha256", process.env.FIRECRAWL_WEBHOOK_SECRET)
    .update(body)
    .digest("hex");
  return crypto.timingSafeEqual(Buffer.from(signature), Buffer.from(expected));
}

app.post("/webhooks/firecrawl", express.raw({ type: "application/json" }), async (req, res) => {
  const rawBody = req.body.toString();
  const signature = req.headers["x-firecrawl-signature"] as string;

  if (!verifySignature(rawBody, signature)) {
    return res.status(401).json({ error: "Invalid signature" });
  }

  const { type, id, data, metadata } = JSON.parse(rawBody);

  // Respond immediately — process asynchronously
  res.status(200).json({ received: true });

  switch (type) {
    case "crawl.started":
      console.log(`Crawl ${id} started`);
      break;
    case "crawl.page":
      await handlePageScraped(id, data, metadata);
      break;
    case "crawl.completed":
      await handleCrawlComplete(id, data, metadata);
      break;
    case "crawl.failed":
      await handleCrawlFailed(id, data);
      break;
  }
});

Step 3: Process Page Events (Streaming)

async function handlePageScraped(jobId: string, data: any[], metadata: any) {
  for (const page of data) {
    const doc = {
      url: page.metadata?.sourceURL,
      title: page.metadata?.title,
      markdown: page.markdown,
      statusCode: page.metadata?.statusCode,
      crawlJobId: jobId,
      projectId: metadata?.projectId,
      indexedAt: new Date(),
    };

    // Index page immediately — don't wait for full crawl
    await documentStore.upsert(doc);
    console.log(`Indexed: ${doc.url} (${doc.markdown?.length || 0} chars)`);
  }
}

Step 4: Handle Crawl Completion

async function handleCrawlComplete(jobId: string, data: any[], metadata: any) {
  console.log(`Crawl ${jobId} complete: ${data.length} pages`);

  // Build search index from all crawled pages
  const documents = data
    .filter(page => page.markdown && page.markdown.length > 100)
    .map(page => ({
      id: page.metadata?.sourceURL,
      title: page.metadata?.title || "",
      content: page.markdown,
      url: page.metadata?.sourceURL,
    }));

  await searchIndex.indexBatch(documents);
  console.log(`Indexed ${documents.length} documents for project ${metadata?.projectId}`);
}

async function handleCrawlFailed(jobId: string, data: any) {
  console.error(`Crawl ${jobId} failed:`, data.error);

  await alerting.send({
    severity: "high",
    message: `Firecrawl crawl job ${jobId} failed`,
    error: data.error,
    partialResults: data.partialResults?.length || 0,
  });
}

Step 5: Polling as Webhook Fallback

// Fall back to polling if webhook delivery fails
async function pollWithFallback(jobId: string, timeoutMs = 600000) {
  const deadline = Date.now() + timeoutMs;
  let interval = 2000;

  while (Date.now() < deadline) {
    const status = await firecrawl.checkCrawlStatus(jobId);

    if (status.status === "completed") {
      return status.data;
    }
    if (status.status === "failed") {
      throw new Error(`Crawl failed: ${status.error}`);
    }

    console.log(`Polling: ${status.completed}/${status.total} pages`);
    await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, interval));
    interval = Math.min(interval * 1.5, 30000);
  }

  throw new Error(`Crawl timed out after ${timeoutMs}ms`);
}

Error Handling

Issue Cause Solution
Webhook not received URL not publicly accessible Use ngrok for local dev, verify HTTPS
Signature mismatch Wrong secret or body encoding Use raw body for HMAC, not parsed JSON
Duplicate events Firecrawl retry on non-2xx Make handler idempotent (dedup by job ID)
Webhook timeout Processing takes too long Return 200 immediately, process async
Lost events 3 failed retries Implement polling fallback

Examples

Local Development with ngrok

set -euo pipefail
# Start ngrok tunnel for local webhook testing
ngrok http 3000
# Use the ngrok URL as your webhook endpoint
# https://abc123.ngrok.io/webhooks/firecrawl

Resources

Next Steps

For deployment setup, see firecrawl-deploy-integration.

信息
Category 数据科学
Name firecrawl-webhooks-events
版本 v20260423
大小 6.81KB
更新时间 2026-04-28
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