Literature Positioning (qje-literature-positioning)

When to trigger

• The contribution-relative-to-literature is fuzzy or buried
• The intro lists references but never says what is new
• A coauthor or reader asks "how is this different from [recent paper]?"
• You are unsure which literatures the paper should speak to

QJE positioning principle: contribution, not catalog

QJE intros do not open with a freestanding "literature review" section. The contribution is woven into the introduction: the big question, the setting, the design, the headline result, and then a tight paragraph (or two) placing the paper in the literature, in author-date (Chicago) style. The job is to make one of QJE's five Harvard-based Editors see, in the first two pages, that the answer is new and important — because they desk-decide in ~2 weeks and desk-reject the majority. A survey-style "Section 2: Literature Review" is a field-journal habit and reads as off-template here. The model is how QJE landmark papers position: Mankiw, Romer & Weil (QJE 1992) staked their claim directly against Solow-model skeptics; Chetty–Hendren–Kline–Saez (QJE 2014) positioned against the whole intergenerational-mobility literature in a few paragraphs.

The four positioning moves

1. Anchor to a big literature. Name the broad question your paper advances (e.g., intergenerational mobility; the long-run effects of institutions; the welfare effects of a policy). Speak to a literature a general-interest reader recognizes.
2. Name the frontier. Cite the 3–6 most relevant recent papers precisely. QJE referees are often the authors of those papers; misciting or ignoring the frontier is fatal under double-blind review where you cannot know who is reading.
3. State the delta. In one or two sentences: what does this paper do that the frontier did not? New variation? New data? A previously untestable mechanism? A reconciliation of conflicting findings?
4. Bound the claim. Say what the paper does not establish. Calibrated humility reads as strength and pre-empts the "they over-claim" report.

Positioning patterns

Checklist

• Contribution stated in the introduction, not in a separate survey section
• The 3–6 frontier papers are cited precisely and characterized fairly
• The delta (what is new) is stated in one or two crisp sentences
• The paper speaks to a literature a general-interest reader recognizes
• Likely-referee papers are cited and engaged, not ignored
• Claims are explicitly bounded (what the paper does not show)
• Author-date (Chicago) citation style throughout (QJE house format)

Anti-patterns

• A standalone "Literature Review" section that catalogs without positioning
• "To the best of our knowledge, we are the first ..." with no engagement of close work
• Ignoring or under-citing the very people likely to referee the paper
• Positioning only within a narrow subfield (fails the general-interest test)
• Claiming a delta the design cannot deliver (over-claiming the contribution)

Output format

【Big literature】the broad question this paper advances
【Frontier】[3–6 closest recent papers]
【Delta】what this paper does that the frontier did not
【Bound】what the paper does NOT establish
【Positioning pattern】new-variation / new-data / mechanism / reconciliation / magnitude
【Next step】qje-identification