Strategies for managing LLM context windows including summarization, trimming, routing, and avoiding context rot
Different strategies based on context size
When to use: Building any multi-turn conversation system
interface ContextTier { maxTokens: number; strategy: 'full' | 'summarize' | 'rag'; model: string; }
const TIERS: ContextTier[] = [ { maxTokens: 8000, strategy: 'full', model: 'claude-3-haiku' }, { maxTokens: 32000, strategy: 'full', model: 'claude-3-5-sonnet' }, { maxTokens: 100000, strategy: 'summarize', model: 'claude-3-5-sonnet' }, { maxTokens: Infinity, strategy: 'rag', model: 'claude-3-5-sonnet' } ];
async function selectStrategy(messages: Message[]): ContextTier { const tokens = await countTokens(messages);
for (const tier of TIERS) {
if (tokens <= tier.maxTokens) {
return tier;
}
}
return TIERS[TIERS.length - 1];
}
async function prepareContext(messages: Message[]): PreparedContext { const tier = await selectStrategy(messages);
switch (tier.strategy) {
case 'full':
return { messages, model: tier.model };
case 'summarize':
const summary = await summarizeOldMessages(messages);
return { messages: [summary, ...recentMessages(messages)], model: tier.model };
case 'rag':
const relevant = await retrieveRelevant(messages);
return { messages: [...relevant, ...recentMessages(messages)], model: tier.model };
}
}
Place important content at start and end
When to use: Constructing prompts with significant context
// LLMs weight beginning and end more heavily // Structure prompts to leverage this
function buildOptimalPrompt(components: { systemPrompt: string; criticalContext: string; conversationHistory: Message[]; currentQuery: string; }): string { // START: System instructions (always first) const parts = [components.systemPrompt];
// CRITICAL CONTEXT: Right after system (high primacy)
if (components.criticalContext) {
parts.push(`## Key Context\n${components.criticalContext}`);
}
// MIDDLE: Conversation history (lower weight)
// Summarize if long, keep recent messages full
const history = components.conversationHistory;
if (history.length > 10) {
const oldSummary = summarize(history.slice(0, -5));
const recent = history.slice(-5);
parts.push(`## Earlier Conversation (Summary)\n${oldSummary}`);
parts.push(`## Recent Messages\n${formatMessages(recent)}`);
} else {
parts.push(`## Conversation\n${formatMessages(history)}`);
}
// END: Current query (high recency)
// Restate critical requirements here
parts.push(`## Current Request\n${components.currentQuery}`);
// FINAL: Reminder of key constraints
parts.push(`Remember: ${extractKeyConstraints(components.systemPrompt)}`);
return parts.join('\n\n');
}
Summarize by importance, not just recency
When to use: Context exceeds optimal size
interface MessageWithMetadata extends Message { importance: number; // 0-1 score hasCriticalInfo: boolean; // User preferences, decisions referenced: boolean; // Was this referenced later? }
async function smartSummarize( messages: MessageWithMetadata[], targetTokens: number ): Message[] { // Sort by importance, preserve order for tied scores const sorted = [...messages].sort((a, b) => (b.importance + (b.hasCriticalInfo ? 0.5 : 0) + (b.referenced ? 0.3 : 0)) - (a.importance + (a.hasCriticalInfo ? 0.5 : 0) + (a.referenced ? 0.3 : 0)) );
const keep: Message[] = [];
const summarizePool: Message[] = [];
let currentTokens = 0;
for (const msg of sorted) {
const msgTokens = await countTokens([msg]);
if (currentTokens + msgTokens < targetTokens * 0.7) {
keep.push(msg);
currentTokens += msgTokens;
} else {
summarizePool.push(msg);
}
}
// Summarize the low-importance messages
if (summarizePool.length > 0) {
const summary = await llm.complete(`
Summarize these messages, preserving:
- Any user preferences or decisions
- Key facts that might be referenced later
- The overall flow of conversation
Messages:
${formatMessages(summarizePool)}
`);
keep.unshift({ role: 'system', content: `[Earlier context: ${summary}]` });
}
// Restore original order
return keep.sort((a, b) => a.timestamp - b.timestamp);
}
Allocate token budget across context components
When to use: Need predictable context management
interface TokenBudget { system: number; // System prompt criticalContext: number; // User prefs, key info history: number; // Conversation history query: number; // Current query response: number; // Reserved for response }
function allocateBudget(totalTokens: number): TokenBudget { return { system: Math.floor(totalTokens * 0.10), // 10% criticalContext: Math.floor(totalTokens * 0.15), // 15% history: Math.floor(totalTokens * 0.40), // 40% query: Math.floor(totalTokens * 0.10), // 10% response: Math.floor(totalTokens * 0.25), // 25% }; }
async function buildWithBudget( components: ContextComponents, modelMaxTokens: number ): PreparedContext { const budget = allocateBudget(modelMaxTokens);
// Truncate/summarize each component to fit budget
const prepared = {
system: truncateToTokens(components.system, budget.system),
criticalContext: truncateToTokens(
components.criticalContext, budget.criticalContext
),
history: await summarizeToTokens(components.history, budget.history),
query: truncateToTokens(components.query, budget.query),
};
// Reallocate unused budget
const used = await countTokens(Object.values(prepared).join('\n'));
const remaining = modelMaxTokens - used - budget.response;
if (remaining > 0) {
// Give extra to history (most valuable for conversation)
prepared.history = await summarizeToTokens(
components.history,
budget.history + remaining
);
}
return prepared;
}
Severity: WARNING
Message: Building context without token counting. May exceed model limits.
Fix action: Count tokens before sending, implement budget allocation
Severity: WARNING
Message: Truncating messages without summarization. Critical context may be lost.
Fix action: Summarize old messages instead of simply removing them
Severity: INFO
Message: Hardcoded token limit. Consider making configurable per model.
Fix action: Use model-specific limits from configuration
Severity: WARNING
Message: LLM calls without context management strategy.
Fix action: Implement context management: budgets, summarization, or RAG
Skills: context-window-management, rag-implementation, conversation-memory, prompt-caching
Workflow:
1. Design context strategy
2. Implement RAG for large corpuses
3. Set up memory persistence
4. Add caching for performance
Works well with: rag-implementation, conversation-memory, prompt-caching, llm-npc-dialogue